Basic Japanese Grammar
ジョセリンさん は コスタリカ人 です。
Joselyn is a Costa Rican.
noun 1 ＋ particle「は」＋ noun 2 (nationality) ＋です
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It is customary for both men and women in Japan, when talking to someone older or to someone you just met, to place “さん” after the last name.
- Here the particle “は” after the name creates the relationship between Jocelyn and Costa Rican. It corresponds to the verb ”is” in English.
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If you put “人” (person) after the name of a country（コスタリカ）, that country name becomes the nationality.
For example: アメリカ人 = American, 中国人 = Chinese, メキシコ人 = Mexican - Note that the particle “は” is pronounced as wa, not ha.
- In Japanese, “です” is added, when speaking to a superior or a stranger and when the sentence ends with a noun.
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Names of countries are basically written in Katakana.However, there are some exceptions such as with 日本(Japan), 中国(China), 韓国(South Korea), 香港(Hong Kong), and 台湾(Taiwan), where Kanji is normally used.
Unlike Western languages, Japanese does not put spaces between words. However, in this course, spaces are intentionally placed to make it easier for learners to understand. Remember that all words are connected in real Japanese sentences.
✅ ジョセリンさんはコスタリカ人です。
❌ ジョセリン さん は コスタリカ人 です。
・かれ は フランス人 です。
He is French.
・さとうさん は にほん人 です。
Mr. Sato is Japanese.
・かのじょは ブラジル人 です。
She is Brazilian.
| コスタリカ コスタリカ人 | Costa Rica Costa Rican |
| アメリカ アメリカ人 | The United States of America American |
| ちゅうごく ちゅうごく人 | China Chinese |
| メキシコ メキシコ人 | Mexico Mexican |
| にほん or にっぽん にほん人 | Japan Japanese |
| フランス フランス人 | France French |
| ブラジル ブラジル人 | Brazil Brazilian |
| かれ | he |
| かのじょ | she |
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